DocumentCode
1353412
Title
The past, present, and future of atomic time and frequency
Author
Ramsey, Norman F.
Author_Institution
Lyman Lab. of Phys., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA
Volume
79
Issue
7
fYear
1991
fDate
7/1/1991 12:00:00 AM
Firstpage
921
Lastpage
926
Abstract
The early history of atomic time and frequency standards is reviewed. The most accurate and stable present standards are described. Prospective future improvements, particularly with trapped ions and atoms, are discussed. A historical perspective on this topic is provided
Keywords
atomic clocks; frequency measurement; measurement standards; reviews; time measurement; atomic standards; atomic time; frequency standards; measurement standards; trapped atoms; trapped ions; Atomic beams; Atomic clocks; Atomic measurements; Cooling; Gas lasers; Hydrogen; Laser stability; Masers; Radio frequency; Resonance;
fLanguage
English
Journal_Title
Proceedings of the IEEE
Publisher
ieee
ISSN
0018-9219
Type
jour
DOI
10.1109/5.84968
Filename
84968
Link To Document