Electron-Hop-Funnel Measurements and Comparison With the Lorentz-2E Simulation

Electron hop funnels have been fabricated using a low-temperature cofired ceramic. The measurements of the hop-funnel I-V curve and electron energy distribution have been made using gated field emitters as the electron source. The charged particle simulation Lorentz 2E has been used to model the hop-funnel charging and to predict the - and energy characteristics. The results of this comparison indicate that the simulation can be used to design hop-funnel structures for use in various applications.