Development of radiation-hard optical links for the CMS tracker at CERN

Author

Vasey, F. ; Arbet-Engels, V. ; Batten, J. ; Cervelli, G. ; Gill, K. ; Grabit, R. ; Mommaert, C. ; Stefanini, G. ; Troska, J.

Author_Institution

ECP Div., CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Volume

45

Issue

3

fYear

1998

fDate

6/1/1998 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

331

Lastpage

337

Abstract

A radiation-hard optical link is under development for readout and control of the tracking detector in the future CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. We present the optical system architecture based on edge-emitting InGaAsP laser-diode transmitters operating at a wavelength of 1.3 μm, single mode fiber ribbons, multi-way connectors and InGaAs Pin photodiode receivers. We report on radiation hardness tests of lasers, photodiodes, fibers and connectors. Increases of laser threshold and pin leakage currents with hadron fluence have been observed together with decreases in laser slope-efficiency and photodiode responsivity. Short lengths of single-mode optical fiber and multi-way connectors have been found to be little affected by radiation damage. We analyze the analog and digital performance of prototype optical links transmitting data generated at a 40M Samples/s rate. Distortion, settling time, bandwidth, noise, dynamic range and bit-error-rate results are discussed

Keywords

detector circuits; nuclear electronics; optical links; position sensitive particle detectors; radiation effects; CERN; CERN Large Hadron Collider; CMS tracker; InGaAs Pin photodiode receivers; LHC; analog performance; bandwidth; bit-error-rate; control; digital performance; distortion; dynamic range; edge-emitting InGaAsP laser-diode transmitters; hadron fluence; laser slope-efficiency; laser threshold; multi-way connectors; noise; optical system architecture; photodiode responsivity; pin leakage currents; radiation damage; radiation hardness; radiation-hard optical links; readout; settling time; single mode fiber ribbons; single-mode optical fiber; tracking detector; Collision mitigation; Connectors; Fiber lasers; Laser modes; Optical distortion; Optical fiber communication; Optical fiber testing; Optical receivers; Optical transmitters; Photodiodes;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9499

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/23.682403

Filename

682403