Wavelet-Based Reactive Power and Energy Measurement in the Presence of Power Quality Disturbances

This paper investigates the performance of electronic reactive power/energy meters by evaluating differences that arise as a result of (1) the distinct operating principles of the meter and (2) the presence of stationary and nonstationary power quality disturbances. The paper also includes a comparative study to determine the effectiveness of using orthogonal, bi-orthogonal, or reverse bi-orthogonal wavelets for such application. Moreover, the paper identifies the reactive power quantities required for accurate assessment and monitoring of reactive energy in the presence of power quality disturbances. Finally, the paper provides recommendations on reactive power and energy measurement for future generations of smart meters.