Increased time-constant dual-input integrators

Two active-RC integrators are proposed. They provide ideal integration function realization with dual-input capability, the use of a grounded capacitor, and an increase in time-constant ( tau ₀) over its nominal value ( tau ), which is made possible by a single resistor-controlled multiplier. Sensitivity characteristics of the proposed networks are considered. The integrators have been built in the laboratory with mu A 741 amplifiers and using tau =0.4 mu F*10 k Omega and n=1-10. With square-wave testing under continuous tuning, the expected triangular wave generation was observed at the output (V₀). The variation of the slope lambda =V₀/t of the rising and falling edges of the output triangular wave for different settings of n has been measured; the results are shown. The differential integration function for each network has been tested by feeding two square-wave inputs of the same magnitude (3.6 V), but different periods; the integrator responses are given.