Electric equipment for the war emergency pipe-line projects

PRIOR to World War II, nearly all the petroleum and products requirements of the eastern states were supplied by coastwise tankers running from the Gulf Coast of Texas to the refining areas on the coasts of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Very little came by pipe line and still less by tank car, as tankers provided transportation at much lower cost. With the advent of war, many of these tankers were withdrawn for overseas service, and it was necessary eventually to withdraw the remainder because of the submarine attacks along the Atlantic Coast and in the Gulf of Mexico.