Surface-discharge switch design: the critical factor

Dielectric properties that are critical to designing a long-life surface-discharge switch (SDS) are investigated. Theory is correlated with experiment by evaluating the performance of a large group of polymeric and ceramic dielectrics. These dielectrics are tested in a single-channel, self-commutating SDS operating at ~35 kV and ~300 kA (oscillatory discharge) with a pulse length of ~20 μs (1/4 period ~2 μs). The performance of a dielectric is characterized by its shot-to-shot breakdown voltage and by its mass erosion. Theoretically, the voltage holdoff degradation resistance (HDR) and the arc melting/erosion resistance (AMR) of a dielectric can be qualitatively predicted from its formativity and its impulsivity, respectively. The formativity and impulsivity are figures of merit calculated from the known thermophysical properties of the dielectric. The effects produced in dielectric performance by choice of electrode material (e.g., molybdenum, graphite, and copper-tungsten) and discharge repetition rate are also discussed