Electrical measurements of multipath interference in distributed Raman amplifiers

Author

Fludger, Chris R S ; Mears, Robert J.

Author_Institution

Harlow Labs, Nortel Networks, Harlow, UK

Volume

19

Issue

4

fYear

2001

fDate

4/1/2001 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

536

Lastpage

545

Abstract

Measurements of multipath interference (MPI) using an electrical technique have shown that the use of distributed Raman amplification can significantly increase the amount of MPI in a system. The MPI is primarily attributed to double-Rayleigh scattering along the length of the transmission fiber. Analytical expressions for MPI have been developed that give good agreement with measurements and numerical simulations. These can be used to predict the buildup of MPI in a lightwave transmission system. Poor connectors will cause a further increase in MPI by causing back-reflections into the Raman gain cavity

Keywords

Raman lasers; Rayleigh scattering; laser cavity resonators; laser noise; light interference; optical communication equipment; optical fibre amplifiers; optical fibre testing; Raman gain cavity; back-reflections; distributed Raman amplification; distributed Raman amplifiers; double-Rayleigh scattering; electrical measurements; lightwave transmission system; multipath interference; transmission fiber length; Distributed amplifiers; Electric variables measurement; Interference; Light scattering; Optical amplifiers; Optical fibers; Optical scattering; Raman scattering; Rayleigh scattering; Stimulated emission;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Lightwave Technology, Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0733-8724

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/50.920852

Filename

920852