Research on Spatial Resolution of One-Stationary Bistatic Ultrahigh Frequency Ultrawidebeam–Ultrawideband SAR Based on Scattering Target Wavenumber Domain Support

Compared with the traditional one-stationary bistatic narrowbeam-narrowband (NB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the coupling between the azimuth and range wavenumbers for the one-stationary bistatic ultrahigh frequency (UHF) ultrawidebeam-ultrawideband (UWB) SAR is much larger due to the large fractional signal bandwidth and wide antenna beamwidth, which may affect the behavior of spatial resolutions. Considering the wavenumber coupling, the more accurate spatial resolutions for the one-stationary bistatic UHF UWB SAR are proposed based on the wavenumber domain support of the scattering target in this paper. First, the one-stationary bistatic SAR imaging geometry is provided, and then the spatial wavenumber of the scattering target for the one-stationary bistatic UHF UWB SAR is analyzed. Second, based on the spatial wavenumber spectrum, spatial resolutions of the one-stationary bistatic UHF UWB SAR are derived in detail. In addition, the squint angles of radars are considered in the derivation of the spatial resolutions. Besides, the narrowing/broadening factors defined as the ratio of the proposed spatial resolutions to traditional spatial resolutions are presented, which describe the effects of the fractional bandwidth and associated integration angle on the spatial resolutions. Finally, simulation results are given to prove the correctness and validity of the proposed resolutions.