Spatiotemporally Adaptive Synchronized (SAS) express & local trains for urban commuter rail systems

In this paper, we present the SAS train system which is a spatiotemporally variant headway train operation system for subway system lines based on the S-train system technology [1] and [2]. SAS system is designed to dispatch any reasonable number of trains in any interval of the line at all times with the operation of higher speed express trains and variable length trains. This enables the currently existing local train subway system to carry up to 200% more passengers 33~75% more quickly without any modification of existing infrastructure. This system is significantly effective for utilization of train resources, resolving severe train and station overcrowding problems during rush hours and minimizing the under-loaded train operations during non-rush hours.