A new two-stages PSO algorithm for railway trajectory planning on GIS system

Smart railway trajectory planning is one of the most interesting and important topics in the fields of intelligent railway transportation, computer science and evolutionary computation, etc. Several objectives and constraints of railway trajectory planning problem are closely related to the distance factor, the construction cost, the altitude factor and the comfortability, etc. More importantly, the new particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, including two optimization substages, firstly optimize the coordinate in y-axis and secondly optimize the latitude in z-axis to design the optimal 3-D railway trajectory. Numerical results highlight that the new two-stages PSO algorithm can provide one realistic optimal trajectory from any two cities in the complicated three-dimensional GIS scenario, such as Chang Sha city and Nan Chang city.