Proton radiation response mechanisms in bipolar analog circuits

The experimental data presented in this paper indicate that the doping and geometry of critical transistors are the primary factors that affect the proton responses of the LM124 and LM148 operational amplifiers. The data also reveal that the electrical responses of these circuits and their input transistors to the combined effects of displacement damage and defects introduced by ionizing radiation are nonlinear. Analysis, supported by device simulation, shows that shifts in device parameters (surface potentials, carrier concentrations, etc.) caused by the buildup of oxide and interfacial defects affect the recombination rate due to traps resulting from displacement damage in the bulk silicon. This nonlinearity complicates the analysis of proton radiation effects and can have a significant impact on the qualification of analog parts for use in space environments