Clock synchronization in wireless LANs without hardware support

One typical approach to provide industrial automation networks with real-time guarantees is to plan a communication timeframe, which relies on synchronized clocks at all communication participants. This paper investigates how to reach such a clock synchronization accuracy in a wireless LAN, where commercially available chipsets dictate the implementation possibilities. Furthermore, this paper proposes a synchronization scheme which is in its implementation - an addendum to the beacons - load-independent.