Argo: A Time-Elastic Time-Division-Multiplexed NOC Using Asynchronous Routers

In this paper we explore the use of asynchronous routers in a time-division-multiplexed (TDM) network-on-chip (NOC), Argo, that is being developed for a multi-processor platform for hard real-time systems. TDM inherently requires a common time reference, and existing TDM-based NOC designs are either synchronous or mesochronous. We use asynchronous routers to achieve a simpler, smaller and more robust, self-timed design. Our design exploits the fact that pipelined asynchronous circuits also behave as ripple FIFOs. Thus, it avoids the need for explicit synchronization FIFOs between the routers. Argo has interesting elastic timing properties that allow it to tolerate skew between the network interfaces (NIs). The paper presents Argo NOC-architecture and provides a quantitative analysis of its ability of absorb skew between the NIs. Using a signal transition graph model and realistic component delays derived from a 65 nm CMOS implementation, a worst-case analysis shows that a typical design can tolerate a skew of 1-5 cycles (depending on FIFO depths and NI clock frequency). Simulation results of a 2 × 2 NOC confirm this.