Design of minimum component oscillators using negative impedance approach based on different single active elements

In this study, grounded negative impedance (NIC)-based design approach to the minimum component oscillators (MCOs) are demonstrated using four different types of universal active elements, namely, second generation positive current conveyor (CCII+), operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA), current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) , and OP-AMP. Theoretically, the method is applicable to the synthesis of general types of oscillator circuits using a broad set of universal active elements.