Estimation of maximum distributed photovoltaic penetration level, driven by flyback inverters in discontinuous conduction mode

This paper presents a typical application for the estimation of maximum distributed photovoltaic (DG-PV) penetration level (PL), driven by flyback inverters in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). This will be accomplished by developing the full average model for the flyback inverter in DCM, in order to simulate and predict its behavior during transient and steady state conditions. The main contribution of this work is that the produced average model describes accurately the pure DCM operation and the transition to continuous conduction mode (CCM) - in cases of severe grid voltage drops - as it has already been discussed in a previous published work. The maximum PL will be determined in terms of power quality assurance. Moreover, two alternative generation profiles will be evaluated. The outcomes of this work highlight that the development of such analytical models for DG-PV are an essential tool for increasing drastically its incorporation at the distribution level.