A coupled two-port network transducer model

A method of modeling transducers using network theory is described. The network model for a given transducer is determined from an experimental measurement of the transducer input impedance with a water and an air acoustic load and a measurement of the pulse echo response of the system. Once this model has been determined, the response of the system can be calculated for any given electrical source, load, or acoustic load. Two examples illustrate the application of the network model to acoustic matching and electrical matching. In the first example, the model is derived theoretically by calculating the input impedance and pulse echo response for a miniature piezoelectric transducer using the KLM model of D. Leedom et al. (1971). In the second example, the network model is derived from experimental measurements. In each case, the effect of matching is accurately predicted