Text based geometric normalization for robust watermarking of digital maps

The peculiarities of digital map images are exploited to develop a watermarking algorithm which is robust against geometric distortions. Robustness against geometric attacks is achieved through text-based image normalization. First, text is extracted from the to-be-marked map, then text orientation and size are exploited to normalize the image geometry prior to watermark insertion. Watermarking is performed by means of any of the existing algorithms ensuring good robustness against image processing tools. At the decoder side, text is extracted again from the map and used to normalize image geometry. Owing to the robustness of text features with respect to common image manipulations, and to the likely spreading of text all across the digital map, the proposed system exhibits an excellent robustness, as is witnessed by the experimental results reported