Performance of rechargeable lithium-alloy/metal disulfide pulse power bipolar batteries

Recent work in developing and testing large-area cells, multicell stacks, and modules is presented. The molten-salt electrolyte, lithium-alloy/metal disulfide technology was scaled up to 200 cm² cells, and the separator composition was optimized to obtain a final current of less than 4.5 mA/cm². Performance of single cells and bipolar stacks was found to match or exceed that of the smaller-area cells. Five cell stacks have been tested for up to 27 days at operating temperature with specific energy of 282 kJ/kg for 12 pulses, while performance during the last cycle was still 92% of the best cycle. Completely enclosed modules of 20 bipolar cells have demonstrated equivalent performance for up to 35 days at a temperature including 13 freeze/thaw cycles