Extending the capability of energy detector for sensing of heterogeneous wideband spectrum

Reliable spectrum sensing is the very task upon which the entire operation of the cognitive radio rests. Energy detection is one of the solutions that have been proposed for enabling opportunistic spectrum access but its capability has limited sensitivity, no resolution and requires high sampling rate when employed in the detection of wideband heterogeneous spectrum. This article proposes a solution that can extend the capability of traditional energy detector to wideband sensing with improved performance. The solution involves the use of parallel detection circuitry with each tuned to different frequencies. The decision of each detection circuit can then be used to create a spectral map of the entire spectrum. This introduces some resolution component and improved sensitivity based on the number of parallel circuits and bandwidth of each detection circuit. Since the bandwidth of the incumbent signal is generally not known a priori, there is possibility that it spans across multiple detectors. The detection of such wideband signal can be achieved by either data or decision fusion of the results of each narrowband detector. We show that the use of parallel multi-channel detection can greatly enhance the detection of wideband signal compared to averaging while improving the resolution and sensitivity of energy detection of wideband spectrum. Numerical results have been shown for representative cases and careful review of previous works reveals that these have never been considered in literature.