Connection requirements for dispersed generation: evolutions of existing requirements and need for further standardization

Since the early 1990s, the development of dispersed generation within the MV and LV networks has intensified in all countries. Those factors which encouraged the rise in small-scale generators are (1) the desire to use energy rationally and (2) technological advances which have enhanced reliability and energy yields. Accordingly, we are witnessing a rise in wind power generation and very-small-scale generators, in particular those using photovoltaic cells. There are several issues for which a harmonized solution, to be used by network operators, could be set out in standards: whether or not a safety switch should be present; earth and short-circuit requirements when working on the network; decoupling protection; whether or not it should be compulsory to install an isolation transformer; and assessment of flicker caused by wind turbines. In this paper we take a look at the methods used in Belgium to ensure that people and property are protected