Deformation Method Using Physical Parameters Composed of Different Tissue Structures

In order to achieve the realism required in simulating the physical behavior of tissues during deformation, the methods which allow the use of physical parameters are the most widely employed. This paper presents a method of simulating the deformation of three-dimensional objects that represent human organs through multiple layers of tissue, which utilizes the following physical parameters: modulus of elasticity, thickness and density. The number of layers and the allocation of physical parameters can be set according to the different tissues that make up the human body and the behavior to be simulated. Thus, it is possible to achieve visual realism, realistic haptics and real-time interaction, with acceptable computational cost. For the simulation of medical procedures, both visual realism and haptic technology are required in order to provide the user with sensations similar to those found in real procedures. The organ chosen for the experiments was the breast, and the results obtained in relation to the physical behavior of deformation were acceptable in relation to visual realism and haptics.