Energy consumption efficiency at the tip of cardiac spiral waves

Demonstrating the mechanisms of cardiac spiral waves is crucial in developing methods for heart arrhythmia elimination. This study constructed a two dimensional single layer heart tissue based on the Luo-Rudy model to investigate why spiral wave would rotate around the center and how energy efficiency would change across the tissue. The results demonstrated that a functional block area existed inside the tip trajectory of the cardiac spiral waves, which was characterized by low energy consumption efficiency. These results may be useful in explaining the generation of cardiac spiral wave and in evaluating the corresponding consequences.