Integrated Online Energy and Battery Life Management for Hybrid Long Haulage Truck

Battery lifetime management plays an important role for successful commercializing hybrid electric vehicles. This paper aims at integrating the battery lifetime management into the energy management system of a heavy-duty hybrid electric truck. The developed strategy called Integrated Energy Management(IEM) is real-time implementable, and able to guarantee the battery lifetime requirement while allowing appropriate HEV operations. Moreover, by utilizing feedforward control, the IEM strategy handles the trade-off between the cost (for battery aging) and the benefit (from fuel reduction) when recovering regenerative braking energy in the battery: braking energy is absorbed without harming the battery life too much. The feedforward controller uses a (dynamic) battery lifetime model and the angular engine speed, power demand as well as the battery temperature. Simulations illustrate the capability of the IEM strategy in assuring the battery lifetime requirement and the benefit from using the proposed feedforward control algorithm.