Passive satellite localization using TDOA/FDOA/AOA measurements

Dual satellite TDOA/FDOA localization scheme has problems of multiple ambiguous solutions and poor localization results in the sub-satellite area along the dual satellite baseline direction. Passive localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements usually does not have direct solution and requires numerical methods to determine the emitter´s geolocation. We suggest a satellite passive localization method fusing the TDOA/FDOA/AOA measurements based on particle swarm optimization(PSO), which provides an evolutionary computation method to solve the nonlinear optimal problem. To be more close to the practical use, the WGS-84 earth model is adopted in this work. However, PSO can not be directly applied to geolocation problem due to the nonlinear constraint of earth surface. We examined a PSO based method which let the particle swarm fly on the earth surface. Computer simulation results show the effectiveness of the new localization method.