A novel low-power high-speed programmable dual modulus divider for PLL-based frequency synthesizer

A low-power high-speed programmable dual modulus divider architecture is presented. The circuit´s three building blocks: prescaler, 2- and 5-bit programmable dividers; were designed using high-performance single-phase clocking latch-up circuits rather than the conventional latch-up circuits widely used in digital systems. The dividers operate based on the modulus control and parallel loading concepts, capable of operating within the division ratio of 32-127. The programmable dual-modulus divider with 2.4 GHz maximum operating frequency was designed using the 0.18-μm CMOS technology. Post parasitics-extracted layout results verify that the total power dissipation was 2.3 mW (at 2.4 GHz, 1.8 V).