Human sensing for smart cities

Smart cities are powered by the ability to self-monitor and respond to signals and data feeds from heterogeneous physical sensors. These physical sensors, however, are fraught with interoperability and dependability challenges. Moreover, they also cannot shed light on human emotions and factors that impact smart city initiatives. Yet everyday, millions of city dwellers share their observations, thoughts, feelings, and experiences about their city through social media updates. This paper describes how citizens can serve as human sensors in providing supplementary, alternate, and complementary sources of information for smart cities. It presents a methodology, based on a probabilistic language model, to extract the perceptions that may be relevant to smart city initiatives from social media updates. Geo-tagged tweets collected over a two-month period from New York City are used to illustrate the potential of social media powered human sensors.