Low-cost high-efficiency substrate-integrated cavity-backed single element antenna

A novel family of substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed antennas is proposed. The proposed SIW cavity-backed topology has the potential to be used for a bandwidth enhancement where it could widen the inherent limited bandwidth of the conventional patch (typically 2%) to about 10%. Unlike the conventional metalized cavity-backed antenna which requires two fabrication processes; a PCB process to print the patches on the substrate and a CNC machining to attain the cavity backing the patch, the proposed SIW topology has a low fabrication cost, as the whole structure could be attained using a conventional PCB process. Here the radiation could be related to both the patch and the slot elements.