Cell motility regulation on stepped micro pillar array device (SMPAD) with discrete stiffness gradient

Here we have shown a new variation of the microfabricated pillar array detector (MPAD) that can decouple the stiffness gradient from the focal adhesion area of a cell. This goal is achieved through the use of “stepped” micro pillar array device (SMPAD) whose top contact area with a cell is kept constant while the diameter of pillar bodies vary for variable mechanical stiffness. We have observed manipulating cell behavior using this simple, artificial platform that produces a pure physical stimulus. This report includes a new discovery of gradient-dependent cell motility enhancement as well as the “classical” demonstration of durotaxis on the SMPAD.