The impact of variable operating frequencies and distortion on electrical power monitoring and protection systems

Severe distortion, changing waveforms, and varying operating frequencies present a challenge to both system and circuit designers of monitoring, controlling, and protecting equipment. RMS values of current and voltage are more difficult to determine. A wide range of operating frequencies must be accommodated. Protection of both motors and generators tends to become more complex. Some of these problems are discussed, and a system designed to solve these problems is described