Analysis of a partially shaded PV array considering different module connection schemes and effects of bypass diodes

This paper aims to analyze a mismatched PV array using a simplified model of PV module and to compare its electrical characteristics including I-V, P-V, maximum power and loss, for series-and-parallel (SP) and total-cross-tied (TCT) configurations of PV module connection. The influences of bypass diodes that are in parallel with each PV module, are also considered. Two methods have been used in this study: the analytical method and the PLPB (piecewise linear parallel branches) model. The former lies in writing the KCL and KVL equations of the PV array electric network and solving them using the Newton-Raphson method. The later involves a piecewise linear model that allows the PV array network to be simulated using the EMTP circuit simulation program.