Economic demand dispatch of controllable building electrical loads incorporating delayed response times

This paper presents a method for determining the economic dispatch of controllable electric loads taking into account delayed response times of the building loads. The inherent coupling between thermal and electrical behavior of building loads gives rise to extended time dynamics that need to be considered when dispatching loads as part of demand response program. A previously developed generic problem formulation to minimize a facility´s overall electricity cost is discussed, with particular focus placed on the addition of constraints to the load recovery times as well as utilizing a nonlinear load model to represent the HVAC system load. The importance of incorporating these ideas when dispatching loads for demand response is highlighted via simulation of a 3 building example for both the case with ramp rate limits as well as without. These results are also compared to a case where a linearized load model is used.