Indoor and outdoor propagation modeling in pico cells

It is the purpose of this paper to present a deterministic approach for UHF/EHF outdoor and indoor propagation modeling in micro and pico cells. The approach takes into account multiple reflected and multiple wall-penetrated ray paths as well as combinations of multiple reflected/penetrated ray paths. Building walls are modeled as multi layered media with different material parameters. For micro and pico cells the important issue of building penetration from outdoors to indoors can be regarded as well as indoor propagation. This modeling approach results in an area wide prediction of path loss. Further on, the channel impulse response in magnitude, phase, delay, angle-of-departure, and angle-of-arrival is obtained for arbitrary selected receive locations. Simulation results are presented and a comparison with measurements is given