On-line grid impedance estimation based on harmonic injection for grid-connected PV inverter

The paper presents an on-line software method for impedance estimation of the energized impedances such as power system grid. The proposed method is based on producing a perturbation on the output of the power converter that is in the form of periodical injection of one or two voltage harmonic signals. The single harmonic injection uses a 600 Hz signal and the double harmonic injection uses a 400 Hz and 600 Hz signals, respectively. During the perturbation, the current response(s) at the same frequency as the injected signal(s) is/are measured. The value of the grid impedance is estimated using two different signal processing algorithms. The DFT technique is used for the single harmonic injection and the statistic technique is used for the double harmonic injection. The grid impedance estimation is used for compliance with the anti-islanding requirements of the German standard (VDE0126) and for robust control of the distributed power generation systems (DPGS). Selected results are presented to confirm the performances of the proposed method.