Secured Two Phase Geographic Forwarding Protocol in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Two Phase geographic Greedy Forwarding (TPGF) is a pure on-demand geographic greedy forwarding protocol for wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). Unlike position-based routing protocols, TPGF has explicit route discovery, i.e., a node greedily forwards a routing packet to the neighbor that is the closest one to the destination to build a route. Thus, TPGF is vulnerable to some greedy forwarding attacks, e.g., spoofing or modifying control packets. In this paper, we identify such vulnerabilities and propose corresponding countermeasures for TPGF, e.g., secure neighbor discovery, route discovery.