Power system, substation, automation and the smart grid, how should universities react?

The rapid introduction of computer and network technology in the area of power systems generally and substations in particular is being embraced by many utilities, especially in the most developed countries. The technology itself is not new. It is vigor, the aggressive marketing, the pace accompanying the technology, however that requires all level minded persons to pause to examine the wider implications of these developments. The most far-reaching of impact of this technology will be on those utilities and countries with limited capabilities in the information communications and technology sector (ICT). Since this surge towards automation is considered irreversible, it is incumbent upon educational institutions to undertake an urgent review is paper describes what substation and smart-grid achieve and examines the attendant opportunities and threats. given in this document.