An associative watermarking based image authentication scheme

In this paper, we propose an associative watermarking scheme which is conducted by the concept of Association Mining Rules (AMRs) and the ideas of Vector Quantization (VQ) and Soble operator. Performing associative watermarking rules to the images will reduct the amount of the embedded data, and using VQ indexing scheme can easily recall the embedded watermark for the purpose of image authentication, and establishing the relation between the association rules on both the original image and the watermark image. The Vector Quantization decoding technique is applied to reconstruct the watermarked image from the watermarked index table. The experimental result shows that the proposed scheme is robust. When the watermarked images suffered from various kinds of image-processing procedures, such as Gaussian noise, brightness, blurring, sharpening, cropping, and JPEG lossy compression can be detected without the original images assistance.