Modeling of vascular expressions in facial animation

Most of the earlier and existing computational models for facial animation consider only muscular expressions. We address and emphasize issues related to modeling of vascular expression. The proposed model enables visual characteristics such as skin color to change with time and provide visual clues for emotions like paleness and blushing. An emotion is defined as a function of two signals in time, one for spatial changes (muscular effects) and the other for the color (vascular effects). For different regions of the face, the atomic vascular action is modeled as an image mask with its shape and the shade defined by Bezier functions to manipulate the texture image