Sizing photovoltaic systems components for stand-alone operation

The practicality of using solar photovoltaic panels combined with batteries and controls to generate emergency power in Maine is presented. Solar power is becoming less costly and more available, making the design and fabrication of emergency power and lighting highly feasible. This paper discusses the sizing, design, construction, and testing of such a system. The distinctions between the total power available from the sun, the maximum theoretical power that can be extracted, and the actual power that is realized are discussed. Several manufacturers sell solar photovoltaic panels. The capabilities and costs for current systems are discussed. Advantages, disadvantages, and suggestions for improvement are presented.