Intensity and angle-of-arrival effects on microwave propagation caused by atmospheric turbulence

Atmospheric turbulence has been shown to cause measurable effects on the propagation of microwave and millimeter-wave signals. Although these effects are not as strong as those encountered at visible wavelengths because of their variation as f^7/6, where f is frequency, the contribution of the humidity structure function C_Q ² makes these effects significant for many applications. In this paper we present results of calculations and measurements of the effects of atmospheric turbulence on millimeter wave signals at 117, 140, 173, and 230 GHz as well as calculations and measurements of these effects at 10 GHz. The agreement between theoretical and measured values is considered good for this type experiment.