Ground conduction enhancing GSM air interface performance in ground floor and practical measurements

There are many papers explaining UHF propagation inside buildings considering sky waves and reflected waves. This paper explains the effect of ground wave dominating others on GSM air interface performance in ground floor by practical measurements. The measurements were taken in reflected signal environment under usual fading conditions on actual GSM signals radiated from base stations. It is observed that the received signal level in the first floor is less than that in all other floors including the ground floor in buildings with more than three floors. It is equal to the signal level in the ground floor in a three storey building and more than the signal level in the ground floor in a building with only two floors. This phenomenon is explained attributing to ground conduction.