High-input and low-output impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using FDCCIIs

A novel high-input and low-output impedance voltage-mode universal filter with three inputs and single output employing two fully differential current conveyors, two resistors, and two capacitors is proposed. The proposed configuration can realize all the five standard biquadratic filter functions. It maintains the following advantages: (i) employment of only two current conveyors, (ii) employment of only grounded capacitors, (iii) employment of only grounded resistors, (iv) high-input and low-output impedance, (v) no need to employ inverting type input signals, (vi) no need to impose component choice conditions to realize specific filtering functions, and (vii) low active and passive sensitivity performances.