EDFM: A Stable Election Protocol Based on Energy Dissipation Forecast Method for Clustered Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, a new heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs) model with energy heterogeneity and computational heterogeneity is proposed. Energy dissipation structure and optimal cluster head number function in HWSNs are obtained based on mathematics model, providing the guidance for designing energy efficient clustering routing protocols. Besides, we propose a new energy efficient routing mechanism named EDFM, the cluster head election algorithm in EDFM is based on energy dissipation forecast method which considers the residual energy and energy consumption rate in all nodes. Simulation results show that EDFM balances energy consumption better than conventional routing protocols, and prolongs the lifetime of networks obviously.