Geometrically based statistical model for multipath propagation of satellite to the earth channel in urban environment

This paper proposes a statistical geometric model for multipath propagation of the satellite communication, which provides some insight into the spatial properties of wideband channels. The Closed-form explicit expressions of the probability density functions (pdf) of the time of arrival (TOA) for multipath signals and the power delay profile according to the various elevation angles of the satellite are derived, where the scatterers are located uniformly within a three-dimensional (3-D) hemisphere around the receiver. The proposed model provides the general and accurate theoretical approximations for multipath propagation channels, which is validated by the simulation. The result shows that the numerical outcomes from the model are consistent with the measurements, especially effective in urban environment, and is thus useful for analytical purposes.