A comprehensive analysis of irradiated silicon detectors at cryogenic temperatures

The effect of particle irradiation on high-resistivity silicon detectors has been extensively studied with the goal of engineering devices able to survive the very challenging radiation environment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main aspect under investigation has been the changes observed in detector effective doping concentration (N_eff). We have previously proposed a mechanism to explain the evolution of N_eff whereby charge is exchanged directly between closely-spaced defect centres in the dense terminal clusters formed by hadron irradiation. This model has been implemented in both a commercial finite-element device simulator (ISE-TCAD) and a purpose-built simulation of inter-defect charge exchange. To control the risk of breakdown due to the high leakage currents foreseen during 10 years of LHC operation, silicon detectors will be operated below room temperature (around -10°C). This, and more general current interest in the field of cryogenic operation, has led us to investigate the behaviour of our model over a wide range of temperatures.