Grid-connected Photovoltaic models for three-phase load flow analysis

The paper presents grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) models for three-phase distribution load flow analysis. The models comprises of single-diode PV model with and without the effect of the series and parallel resistances, I-V nonlinear question, I-V database and single-phase PV modeled as singlephase real power injection. The three-phase load flow program with Photovoltaic models has been tested using IEEE 13 node feeder. The solution of the base case is compared with the radial distribution analysis package (RDAP) before used to analyze distribution networks. The analysis is carried out with various photovoltaic mathematical models. The simulation results show that the grid-connected three-phase photovoltaic system in distribution network can improve the voltage profile as well as reduce the total system losses. However, single-phase PV DG model does not always guarantee voltage improvements.