PSO-based robust watermarking of AVS-encoded video

In this paper, we introduce a robust watermarking for the AVS video standard of China. The proposed algorithm is based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. It is implemented in the compressed domain by modifying the quantized coefficients. The watermark signal is embedded in luminance components, whose embedding positions are optimized using PSO, resisting common signal processing operations. Combined with anti-attacking ratio and image quality index metric (IQIM), such a fitness function is constructed to evaluate the optimization process of the proposed scheme. Only entropy decoding is required to extract the watermark, and thus the watermark detection process has low computational complexity. Experimental results on tested sequences show that the high robustness of watermarking and good quality of watermarked video can be achieved simultaneously.