Optical waveguides by silver-sodium ion exchange process in nitrate mixtures

Author

Pun, E.Y.B. ; Leung, W.K. ; Chung, P.S. ; Chan, H.P.

Author_Institution

Dept. of Electron. Eng., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong

fYear

1990

fDate

24-27 Sep 1990

Firstpage

111

Abstract

Planar-graded index optical waveguides have been fabricated in soda lime glass substrates by silver (Ag⁺) ion exchange in a mixed melt of silver nitrate (AgNO₃), potassium nitrate (KNO ₃) and sodium nitrate (NaNO₃). The propagation mode indices measured agree well with the theoretical WKB dispersion relation of J.W. White and P.F. Heidrich (1976) using a second-order polynomial function for the refractive index profile. The surface index change can be varied from 0.09 to 0.004 by changing the amount of AgNO ₃ in the mixed nitrate melt, and effective diffusion coefficients have been calculated for these waveguides

Keywords

WKB calculations; gradient index optics; ion exchange; optical waveguides; silver; Ag⁺ ion exchange; AgNO₃-KNO₃-NaNO₃ melt; WKB dispersion relation; effective diffusion coefficients; nitrate mixtures; planar-graded index optical waveguides; propagation mode indices; refractive index profile; second-order polynomial function; silver-sodium ion exchange process; soda lime glass substrates; surface index change; Dispersion; Glass; Optical planar waveguides; Optical refraction; Optical variables control; Optical waveguides; Particle beam optics; Planar waveguides; Polynomials; Silver;

fLanguage

English

Publisher

ieee

Conference_Titel

Computer and Communication Systems, 1990. IEEE TENCON'90., 1990 IEEE Region 10 Conference on

Print_ISBN

0-87942-556-3

Type

conf

DOI

10.1109/TENCON.1990.152578

Filename

152578