Design and analysis of a mixed-mode universal filter using dual-output operational transconductance amplifiers (DO-OTAs)

Realization of a universal filter based on dual-output operational transconductance amplifiers (DO-OTAs) working in mixed-mode, i.e., voltage-mode (VM), current-mode (CM), transimpedance-mode (TIM) and transadmittance-mode (TAM) is presented in this paper. The filter realizes the basic filter functions simultaneously in all the four possible modes. The workability of the proposed circuit has been confirmed by PSPICE simulation program using real device parameters of the transistors used in the DO-OTA implementation.