A Watermarking Algorithm Based on Contourlet Transform and Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

This paper present a robust digital image watermarking algorithm based on NMF and SVD in contourlet transform. Firstly, the original image is transformed into directional subband coefficients using discrete contourlet transform (CT). Then apply NMF and SVD to factorize the directional subband coefficients. After that, embed grayscale watermark image into the SVD coefficients. The experiments based on this scheme shows that this method is very robust and it gives very good peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).